{"id":19475,"date":"2026-04-06T21:01:47","date_gmt":"2026-04-06T21:01:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/?page_id=19475"},"modified":"2026-04-14T18:39:03","modified_gmt":"2026-04-14T18:39:03","slug":"home","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/","title":{"rendered":"Home"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"19475\" class=\"elementor elementor-19475\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1388835 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1388835\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77ac775 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"77ac775\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-180392f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"180392f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">NeoVista\u00ae MRI for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b34a7b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b34a7b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The NeoVista\u00ae MRI is the premiere imaging\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/thoracic-outlet-syndrome-test\/\">thoracic outlet syndrome test<\/a>. At Vanguard Specialty Imaging, we can help you find a thoracic outlet syndrome specialist, get the best diagnosis for thoracic outlet syndrome, and learn options for thoracic outlet syndrome treatment.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17624b9 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"17624b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/our-tos-services\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">NeoVista\u00ae MRI for TOS<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2772109 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2772109\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67e79ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"67e79ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtu.be\\\/3UHRbHi-kcA?si=Tv9JXT5mUP-8wj0X&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-657b91c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"657b91c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7aa28b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f7aa28b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What our Patients Say\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ebeb2bc elementor-pagination-type-bullets elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-pagination-position-outside elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-carousel\" data-id=\"ebeb2bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;carousel_items&quot;:[{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Slide #1&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;b36244b&quot;},{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Slide #1&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;d12e38f&quot;},{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Slide #1&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;45416cf&quot;},{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Slide #1&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;20b6dc3&quot;},{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Slide #1&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;00aa4c3&quot;},{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Slide #6&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;b75e29c&quot;},{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Slide #7&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;29e09b8&quot;},{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Slide #8&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;b51b5c0&quot;},{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Slide #8&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;90f91cf&quot;},{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Slide #8&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;908f787&quot;},{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Slide #8&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;2f2d93d&quot;},{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Slide #8&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;b9abf4c&quot;},{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Slide #8&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;ec376c8&quot;}],&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;slides_to_show_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;slides_to_show_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500,&quot;offset_sides&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;arrows&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pagination&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;image_spacing_custom&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;image_spacing_custom_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;image_spacing_custom_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-carousel swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Carousel\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"1\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 of 13\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de2751b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"de2751b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d81317f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d81317f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u201cI was imaged many times (shoulder MRI, upper arm MRI, shoulder arthrogram, cervical spine MRI, brachial plexus MRI, brachial plexus MRN, many nerve conduction studies) before contacting Dr. Werden. Dr. Werden\u2019s imaging protocol was the only imaging I received that produced positive evidence of brachial plexus impingement.\u201d W.M., NeoVista\u00ae patient<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"2\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"2 of 13\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0aeb913 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0aeb913\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-839d69f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"839d69f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\u201cThe NeoVista MRI-MRA\u2026marked a turning point for me\u2026Dr. Scott Werden (a TOS pioneer and one of the leading advocates for improving TOS diagnosis and care) \u2026is extremely detailed (my report was nine pages long!). Dr. Werden is also extremely generous following the exam in terms of answering questions\u2026Dr. Werden\u2026is completely dedicated to this field and is exactly the kind of doctor every patient wants to have as part of their team.\u00a0 I know what it\u2019s like to ride the \u201cmedical merry-go-round\u201d and now, thanks to Dr. Werden and NeoVista, I also know what it\u2019s like to see a light at the end of the tunnel.\u201d J.A., NeoVista\u00ae patient\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"3\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"3 of 13\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df7e0c2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"df7e0c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9028b47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9028b47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u201cI\u2019ve been very impressed with this TOS MRI protocol and the very detailed reports from Dr Werden. In my opinion, this is by far the most superior imaging modality for TOS.\u201d Dr. R.B.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"4\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"4 of 13\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6341ba e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f6341ba\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2e9ca9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e2e9ca9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u201cI also wanted to thank you for the excellent videos you and your colleagues provide about TOS. To have so many medical experts in this area give up their time to educate patients and practitioners about TOS is truly incredible. I have read many articles and joined online forums that have only left me discouraged and confused, but your resources give me hope!\u201d\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"5\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"5 of 13\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-207c46e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"207c46e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac4cf1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ac4cf1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u201cI\u2019ve been consuming all of your videos online and am deeply grateful for the education they provide about TOS.\u201d B.S., NeoVista\u00ae patient\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"6\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"6 of 13\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba08c4c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ba08c4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-451266e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"451266e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u201cI wanted to send a big THANK YOU to Dr. Werden too, for all he does with his videos and educational outreach. It\u2019s already made a world of difference to me, and I\u2019m confident that\u2019s the case for countless others. Dr. Werden, YOU ROCK.\u201d M.T., NeoVista\u00ae patient\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"7\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"7 of 13\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00b01b1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"00b01b1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-222aea8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"222aea8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u201cWhen our 11-year-old daughter fell onto her shoulder during a soccer game, little did we know that her life was going to change in that moment.  Suddenly, she was unable to play basketball or soccer, her two favorite sports, and she could barely lift or move her arm without excruciating pain.  This high resolution MRI turned out to be a critical turning point in our daughter\u2019s road to recovery \u2013 with a confirmed TOS diagnosis, a personal consultation with Dr. Werden to understand his findings, and access to a network of people in our area who specialize in this underrecognized condition, our daughter has improved significantly.\u201d M.H., mother of NeoVista\u00ae patient\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"8\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"8 of 13\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29cd36c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"29cd36c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08bb0af elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"08bb0af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u201cI had a left first rib resection, scalenectomy and pec minor release with Dr Humphries on 2\/22\/22. I had an extra wide first rib and a bony bump where my anterior scalene attached and extensive brachial plexus scarring. I\u2019m doing great! I woke up from surgery feeling better so much better. I will be proceeding with surgery on right side in a few months. Thank you for creating your specialized MRI, it was the tool that helped me determine surgery would yield a favorable outcome.\u201d C.M., NeoVista\u00ae patient<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"9\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"9 of 13\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8085448 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8085448\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-124ddd4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"124ddd4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u201cYou will have a hard time finding a more compassionate, responsive doctor anywhere. He is so caring and wanted to help me find out what the source of my pain was. I had been dismissed by so many other physicians before him. He is a great doctor.\u201d<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"10\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"10 of 13\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e860cfb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e860cfb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6058ef5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6058ef5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u201cI have to let you know how absolutely grateful I am to all of you for helping me through a very rough time period in my life. I am back to doing most physical activities with my arms, even typing. I\u2019ve opened my own consulting firm recently, and it\u2019s taking off. It feels like a new era for me, and I am full of hope. I want to truly thank all of you for what you\u2019ve done for me. The work you do is life-changing.\u201d A.C., NeoVista\u00ae patient\n\n\u201cI am looking forward to your next YouTube content. So far your channel has really helped direct me on the path to recovery. I\u2019m not sure where I would be heading without it. Forever grateful!\u201d L.M., NeoVista\u00ae patient\n\n\u201cThanks to your MRI and Dr. Humphries\u2019 incredible expertise I\u2019m going in with full confidence it\u2019s the right decision. Thank you for not only the education and peace of mind all your expertise has provided, but also for how approachable you\u2019ve been throughout this difficult time. I just wanted to say thank you for all you do for me and others in a similar situation. I feel much less alone because of your work. It\u2019s greatly appreciated!\u201d S.S., NeoVista\u00ae patient\n\n\u201cThank you again for your guidance and support during this process! I can\u2019t thank you enough. I honestly would have been so lost without you.\u201d D.P., NeoVista\u00ae patient\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"11\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"11 of 13\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58d794c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"58d794c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0fccffc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0fccffc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u201cI am looking forward to your next YouTube content. So far your channel has really helped direct me on the path to recovery. I\u2019m not sure where I would be heading without it. Forever grateful!\u201d L.M., NeoVista\u00ae patient\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"12\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"12 of 13\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-599042b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"599042b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cdcee6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cdcee6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u201cThanks to your MRI and Dr. Humphries\u2019 incredible expertise I\u2019m going in with full confidence it\u2019s the right decision. Thank you for not only the education and peace of mind all your expertise has provided, but also for how approachable you\u2019ve been throughout this difficult time. I just wanted to say thank you for all you do for me and others in a similar situation. I feel much less alone because of your work. It\u2019s greatly appreciated!\u201d S.S., NeoVista\u00ae patient\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"13\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"13 of 13\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc82cd6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bc82cd6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cab66af elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cab66af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u201cThank you again for your guidance and support during this process! I can\u2019t thank you enough. I honestly would have been so lost without you.\u201d D.P., NeoVista\u00ae patient\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Previous\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-left\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M646 125C629 125 613 133 604 142L308 442C296 454 292 471 292 487 292 504 296 521 308 533L604 854C617 867 629 875 646 875 663 875 679 871 692 858 704 846 713 829 713 812 713 796 708 779 692 767L438 487 692 225C700 217 708 204 708 187 708 171 704 154 692 142 675 129 663 125 646 125Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Next\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M696 533C708 521 713 504 713 487 713 471 708 454 696 446L400 146C388 133 375 125 354 125 338 125 325 129 313 142 300 154 292 171 292 187 292 204 296 221 308 233L563 492 304 771C292 783 288 800 288 817 288 833 296 850 308 863 321 871 338 875 354 875 371 875 388 867 400 854L696 533Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ea8eea e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ea8eea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a446feb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a446feb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82dbcef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"82dbcef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is the Best Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Test?\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6b9ce2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d6b9ce2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>At Vanguard Specialty Imaging, TOS is our passion. So we created the unique NeoVista\u00ae MRI for patients with TOS. We firmly believe NeoVista\u00ae is the best thoracic outlet syndrome test.<\/p><p>Experienced thoracic outlet syndrome specialists understand the limitations of the clinical diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome. When a specialist needs the best and most reliable thoracic outlet syndrome test for a patient, they turn to NeoVista\u00ae.<\/p><p>Thoracic outlet syndrome specialists across the country count on NeoVista\u00ae for accurate and detailed evaluation of TOS anatomy and pathology. Every study we perform is interpreted by Dr. Scott Werden, widely-recognized as the leader in the field of TOS imaging. No imaging study provides more useful and accurate information for thoracic outlet syndrome patients.<\/p><p>If you have TOS, you deserve the best thoracic outlet syndrome test. Don\u2019t guess with TOS! Use NeoVista\u00ae.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-539b227 elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"539b227\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/our-tos-services\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">NeoVista\u00ae MRI for TOS<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e62c02f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e62c02f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c57cca elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9c57cca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"799\" src=\"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/About-NeoVista-Hero-Tablet-Cropped-600.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-19504\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6130fba e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6130fba\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2b6098 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d2b6098\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ebcdd81 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"ebcdd81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtu.be\\\/jbdhL3ycU7U?si=XY_2bof2NQSSoVXz&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51e8f85 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"51e8f85\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-028050a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"028050a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Our TOS Patients Love Us!\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2735ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2735ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>We can tell you about our great diagnostic study or our success helping patients overcome TOS. But we will let our patients speak for themselves!<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88b18e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"88b18e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Dr. Werden developed an MRI protocol which he uses to image TOS.\u00a0<a class=\"_ps2id __mPS2id\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cedars-sinai.org\/provider\/mitchel-seruya-2624729.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-ps2id-offset=\"\">Dr. Mitchell Seruya<\/a>\u00a0and one of his colleagues at Cedars-Sinai both recommended that I receive imaging in accordance with Dr. Werden\u2019s protocol. I was imaged many times (shoulder MRI, upper arm MRI, shoulder arthrogram, cervical spine MRI, brachial plexus MRI, brachial plexus MRN, many nerve conduction studies) before contacting Dr. Werden. Dr. Werden\u2019s imaging protocol was the only imaging I received that produced positive evidence of brachial plexus impingement. \u2013<b>W. M., NeoVista Patient<\/b><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13105b1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"13105b1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-492e21f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"492e21f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2c0904 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d2c0904\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">NeoVista\u00ae Blog\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2507f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f2507f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-7\"><p>Do you want to read the latest news on TOS? We share our review of the medical literature, TOS in the news, and our opinions on TOS. Read the NeoVista\u00ae blog to hear our thoughts.<\/p><\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c79c2e elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"9c79c2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/neovista-blog\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Read the NeoVista\u00ae Blog<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e5153f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4e5153f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9809ba3 elementor-pagination-type-bullets elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-pagination-position-outside elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-carousel\" data-id=\"9809ba3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;carousel_items&quot;:[{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Slide #1&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;78a24ae&quot;},{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Slide #1&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;8622d64&quot;},{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Slide #1&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;7fc800e&quot;}],&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;slides_to_show_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;slides_to_show_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500,&quot;offset_sides&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;arrows&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pagination&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;image_spacing_custom&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;image_spacing_custom_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;image_spacing_custom_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-carousel swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Carousel\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"1\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 of 3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95f0d73 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"95f0d73\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92bc8f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"92bc8f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e42ea2 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1e42ea2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thoracic Outlet Syndrome | Specialist Qualifications and Care<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"2\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"2 of 3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2958bec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2958bec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38a0723 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"38a0723\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c350e59 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c350e59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\nThoracic Outlet Syndrome Specialists<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"3\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"3 of 3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f18352e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f18352e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-406b9f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"406b9f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec467bc elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ec467bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dr. Scott Werden, MD \u2013 Diagnostic Leadership in Thoracic Outlet Syndrome<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Previous\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-left\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M646 125C629 125 613 133 604 142L308 442C296 454 292 471 292 487 292 504 296 521 308 533L604 854C617 867 629 875 646 875 663 875 679 871 692 858 704 846 713 829 713 812 713 796 708 779 692 767L438 487 692 225C700 217 708 204 708 187 708 171 704 154 692 142 675 129 663 125 646 125Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Next\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M696 533C708 521 713 504 713 487 713 471 708 454 696 446L400 146C388 133 375 125 354 125 338 125 325 129 313 142 300 154 292 171 292 187 292 204 296 221 308 233L563 492 304 771C292 783 288 800 288 817 288 833 296 850 308 863 321 871 338 875 354 875 371 875 388 867 400 854L696 533Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8394c7e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8394c7e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fcb87c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1fcb87c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Two short videos on Thoracic Outlet Syndrome and EMG\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-980174d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"980174d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-781f7f3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"781f7f3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28d1e4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"28d1e4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtu.be\\\/GykKdmq99ME?si=i-quTAiLg-AKKNI2&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-169b6be elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"169b6be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">TOS and EMG Part 1<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c02049d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c02049d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ecc908a elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"ecc908a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtu.be\\\/whI5_yV_s8s?si=zbyXVcpvDV8IQhFS&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-452da3d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"452da3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">TOS and EMG Part 2<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-769a08b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"769a08b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-097f89f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"097f89f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f3680 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f3680\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"389\" height=\"583\" src=\"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/What-is-TOS-Brunette-woman-holding-neck.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-17600\" alt=\"What is TOS? NeoVista\u00ae MRI for TOS\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/What-is-TOS-Brunette-woman-holding-neck.png 389w, https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/What-is-TOS-Brunette-woman-holding-neck-200x300.png 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 389px) 100vw, 389px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e8fa35 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5e8fa35\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-898f812 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"898f812\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is Thoracic Outlet Syndrome?\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4f438e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e4f438e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a medical disorder that causes\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/what-is-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/types-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/neurogenic-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/\">pain, numbness, tingling and weakness<\/a>\u00a0in the arms and hands, headaches, chest pain, and neck pain. TOS may also present as a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/what-is-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/types-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/venous-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/\">blood clot<\/a>, aneurysm, or\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/what-is-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/types-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/arterial-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/\">arterial occlusion<\/a>.<\/p><p>Compression of arteries, veins or nerves causes three types of thoracic outlet syndrome. TOS patients can develop permanent weakness, blood clot, aneurysm, or sudden loss of blood flow to the arm. While TOS can cause very serious disease, an experienced thoracic outlet syndrome\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/diagnosis-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/find-a-thoracic-outlet-syndrome-specialist\/\">specialist<\/a>\u00a0can speed up accurate\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/delayed-diagnosis-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/\">diagnosis<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/treatment-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/\">treatment<\/a>\u00a0of TOS.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fc1625 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"6fc1625\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1170\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1170\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> What is the thoracic outlet? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1170\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d9b01b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1d9b01b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eeb6ecc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eeb6ecc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The thoracic outlet is the hollow space above your collarbone, between your shoulder and your neck. If you want to find your thoracic outlet, place your fingers on either side of your neck and slide down to the space above your collarbone.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f576738 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"f576738\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">What is Thoracic Outlet Syndrome?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1171\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1171\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Thoracic outlet anatomy <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1171\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c08beb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0c08beb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b4c26f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7b4c26f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Three vital structures pass through the thoracic outlet on each side. The subclavian artery distributes blood flow from your heart to the entire arm. The subclavian vein returns this blood to the heart. The brachial plexus forms a large nerve network from nerve roots that arises in the neck, controls all of the muscles of the arm, and transmits all sensation from the arm back to the spinal cord and brain. All of these structures pass between the collarbone and the first rib to connect the upper body, neck, and arm.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef6aed0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"ef6aed0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Anatomy of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1172\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1172\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\">  Types of thoracic outlet syndrome <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1172\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96f8e38 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"96f8e38\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4cb70b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4cb70b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>TOS is commonly classified into one of three types based on the structure that is affected. Doctors diagnose Neurogenic TOS when symptomatic compression of the brachial plexus occurs. Formation of a blood clot in the subclavian vein defines the classical diagnosis of venous TOS. Compression of the subclavian artery may result in aneurysm, blood clot formation, or arterial occlusion, which is known as arterial TOS.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e222179 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"e222179\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Types of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1173\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1173\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Causes of thoracic outlet syndrome <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1173\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7de3895 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7de3895\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a42736 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6a42736\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Any process that compresses the nerves, arteries or veins of the thoracic outlet can cause thoracic outlet syndrome.<\/p><p>Common causes of TOS include trauma, especially motor vehicle accidents and falls, overuse at work, non-ergonomic computer use, and overhead athletics.<\/p><p>Many people are born with an extra rib or with anatomic variations of the soft tissues of the thoracic outlet. These variations cause narrowing of the thoracic outlet and contribute to thoracic outlet syndrome when other causes of TOS occur.<\/p><p>Females present with TOS much more frequently than males. TOS occurs most frequently in patients 20 to 50 years old.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84a2473 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"84a2473\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Causes of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1174\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"5\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1174\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> History of thoracic outlet syndrome <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1174\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb78636 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"eb78636\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce4f15a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ce4f15a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thoracic outlet syndrome was first described in 1818 in London, England. Since then, thousands of peer-reviewed articles regarding TOS have been written in the medical literature. Many notable physicians and researchers have studied TOS over the past 200 years. As a result, today we have great thoracic outlet syndrome tests and thoracic outlet syndrome treatments.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fac56be elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"fac56be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">History of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6671566 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6671566\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0863d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e0863d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Videos\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d9c0f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2d9c0f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-11 fusion-text-no-margin\"><p>A picture is worth a thousand words. A video is priceless. Watch our educational TOS videos, featuring TOS specialists from around the country. Its a great way to start your educational journey!<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ddac20b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ddac20b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ba0f54 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9ba0f54\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91fd92a elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"91fd92a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtu.be\\\/HV7icMsYtO0?si=tPxilXKkF1Q6-PUf&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2b1046 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c2b1046\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Research Project - Annie Slocum\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e60ca6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7e60ca6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7055f66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"7055f66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/watch?v=cMYNRuVOPiU&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20962c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"20962c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Ultimate Guide To Thoracic Outlet Care: Academic Center Edition\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6679333 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6679333\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13cf5c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"13cf5c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/watch?v=O3_5SZ-MG0w&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03cbe80 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"03cbe80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What I've learned\": 30 years treating Thoracic Outlet Syndrome patients<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aafc8fb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"aafc8fb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6be6379 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6be6379\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is Thoracic Outlet Syndrome?\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-485a608 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"485a608\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">We can help!\n\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7a0256 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"e7a0256\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/contact-us-2\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Contact us<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7639bc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e7639bc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02f9187 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"02f9187\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">TOS MRI on Instagram\n\n\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64faf80 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"64faf80\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d21585 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1d21585\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dafbcd0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dafbcd0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Diagnosis of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f3867e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8f3867e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The accurate and timely diagnosis of TOS makes a critical difference in treatment outcomes.<\/p><p>It is important for doctors to diagnose patients with\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/what-is-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/types-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/arterial-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/\">arterial TOS<\/a>\u00a0or\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/what-is-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/types-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/venous-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/\">venous TOS<\/a>\u00a0promptly by finding a blood clot.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/what-is-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/types-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/neurogenic-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/\">Neurogenic TOS<\/a>\u00a0mimics many other neurologic and orthopedic disorders, and remains a diagnostic challenge to many doctors. Fortunately, we have excellent\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/diagnosis-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/imaging-diagnosis-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/\">thoracic outlet syndrome tests<\/a>\u00a0including MRI to help\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/neurogenic-thoracic-outlet-syndrome-what-primary-care-physicians-need-to-know\/\">primary care physicians<\/a>\u00a0or\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/diagnosis-of-neurogenic-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/find-a-thoracic-outlet-syndrome-specialist\/\">TOS specialists<\/a>\u00a0make the accurate diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-592aeb3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"592aeb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-9340\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-9340\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\">  Symptoms of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-9340\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8641f87 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8641f87\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-925b0b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"925b0b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>TOS symptoms result from compression of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/diagnosis-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/symptoms-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/symptoms-of-neurogenic-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/\">nerves<\/a>, arteries, or veins as they travel from the neck and chest to the arm. Compression of each of these vital structures causes a different group of symptoms.<\/p><p>Compression of the subclavian vein occurs in many people, often without symptoms of TOS. In certain groups of people, however, this compression results in the formation of a blood clot in the subclavian vein near the neck. As a result, blood flow from the arm to the heart is impaired, and these patients experience a number of striking symptoms:<\/p><ul><li>Swelling of the affected arm<\/li><li>Dusky or blue color of the arm<\/li><li>New superficial veins of the affected shoulder and chest<\/li><li>Shortness of breath may occur if a blood clot travels to the lungs<\/li><\/ul><p>Compression of the subclavian artery may occur to a mild extent in normal people. However, when this compression is severe and prolonged, damage of the underlying arterial wall develops. The damaged arterial wall may enlarge, forming an aneurysm, or a scar may form within the artery, narrowing the arterial diameter. These findings form the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/diagnosis-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/diagnosis-of-arterial-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/\">diagnosis of arterial TOS<\/a>. Blood clots may form within the damaged arterial segment. These blood clots may break off and travel down the arm, blocking smaller arteries. A large blood clot at the site of damage may totally block blood flow to the arm. As a result of large or small blood clots in the arteries, areas of tissue death may occur. Therefore, the diagnosis of arterial TOS should be made promptly and accurately. Dramatic symptoms of arterial TOS include:<\/p><ul><li>Coldness of the arm<\/li><li>Pale color of the arm<\/li><li>Loss of pulses<\/li><li>Weakness of the arm<\/li><li>Pain or tingling in the arm<\/li><\/ul><p>While the symptoms of venous TOS and arterial TOS are dramatic and straightforward, the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/diagnosis-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/symptoms-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/symptoms-of-neurogenic-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/\">symptoms of Neurogenic TOS<\/a>\u00a0are often cryptic, for a number of reasons. First, there are many known anatomic variants of the thoracic outlet that may compress the brachial plexus. Second, there are significant changes of each thoracic outlet that occur with movement of the arms. Third, we know of many variants in the branching pattern of the brachial plexus. Fourth, even in the case of a typical brachial plexus branching pattern, the distribution of thousands of nerve fibers within the brachial plexus can vary highly. As a result of all of these variables, the exact point of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/what-is-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/causes-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/causes-of-neurogenic-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/\">compression<\/a>\u00a0and the underlying affected nerve component remains uncertain in most patients with\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/diagnosis-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/symptoms-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/symptoms-of-neurogenic-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/\">Neurogenic TOS symptoms<\/a>.<\/p><p>Given the expected broad range of possible symptoms in neurogenic TOS, patients often report the following symptoms:<\/p><ul><li>Pain<\/li><li>Numbness<\/li><li>Tingling<\/li><li>Skin color changes<\/li><li>Weakness<\/li><li>Loss of coordination<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e414f63 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"e414f63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Symptoms of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-9341\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-9341\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Clinical Diagnosis of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-9341\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d732331 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d732331\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d1ff10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6d1ff10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>When a doctor performs a physical examination on a patient with venous TOS, the diagnosis should be readily apparent. A large blood clot blocks the blood of the arm from returning to the heart. As a result, the physical examination would show one or more of the following:<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>Swelling of the arm<\/li><li>Skin discoloration, usually blue or purple<\/li><li>Loss of skin folds<\/li><li>New collateral veins over the affected shoulder or chest<\/li><li>Elevated venous angle<\/li><li>Palpable lump in the thoracic outlet near the neck<\/li><\/ul><p>Physical examination on a patient with arterial TOS\u00a0would quickly demonstrate evidence of arterial abnormality and blood clots causing arterial obstruction:<\/p><p>The clinical diagnosis of arterial TOS\u00a0is usually quite dramatic, often with evidence of acute arterial insufficiency:<\/p><ul><li>Pain<\/li><li>Loss of color<\/li><li>Loss of pulses<\/li><li>Weakness or paralysis<\/li><li>Tingling or pain in the arm<\/li><\/ul><p>The physical examination of patients with arterial TOS may also show:<\/p><p>Aneurysm-pulsating mass in the thoracic outlet next to the neck<br \/>Chronic arterial insufficiency caused by stricture\/narrowing of the artery<br \/>Evidence of fragmenting blood clots, causing spots on the fingers.<\/p><p>Given that neurogenic TOS symptoms are more complex, so is the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/diagnosis-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/clinical-diagnosis-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/clinical-diagnosis-of-neurogenic-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/\">physical examination<\/a>\u00a0in these patients. The standard neurologic examination often is entirely normal. Positive diagnostic signs may often be demonstrated by the physician on provocative maneuvers. There is a long history of provocative tests beginning in the late 19th century.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/diagnosis-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/clinical-diagnosis-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/clinical-diagnosis-of-neurogenic-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/\">Provocative tests<\/a>\u00a0are those tests where the examining physician has the patient move their arms, neck or shoulders into positions that create compression on the subclavian vein, subclavian artery, or brachial plexus with the intent of reproducing symptoms. In a patient with Neurogenic TOS symptoms, a physician may perform one or more of the following provocative tests:<\/p><ul><li>Adson\u2019s test<\/li><li>Wright test<\/li><li>Costoclavicular test<\/li><li>Roos\u2019 test<\/li><li>Halstead maneuver<\/li><li>Upper limb neural tension test<\/li><\/ul><p>It is important to remember that these clinical tests have limited sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Some of these tests are based on compression of the veins or arteries, while a few are intended to demonstrate compression of the brachial plexus. Unfortunately, none of these provocative tests demonstrates the underlying anatomic abnormality in a patient with neurogenic TOS symptoms. However, when one or more are positive, an experienced TOS specialist would likely consider advanced imaging, such as the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/about-neovista\/\">NeoVista\u00ae MRI examination<\/a>.<\/p><p>Electrophysiologic Studies, \u2018EPS,\u2019 include electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction velocity (NCV). These are commonly referred to as \u2018EMG.\u2019<\/p><p>EMG has been used for years in peripheral neuropathies, such as cubital tunnel syndrome and carpal tunnel syndrome. However, for a number of technical reasons, EMG has\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/diagnosis-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/laboratory-diagnosis-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/laboratory-diagnosis-of-neurogenic-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/\">no significant value in neurogenic TOS<\/a>. The compressed portions of the brachial plexus are too deep for direct examination, and too complex for indirect examination. Also, neurogenic TOS affects peripheral, smaller sensory nerves, while EMG measures larger, central motor nerves. Therefore, EMG studies often become positive only in late-stage neurogenic TOS.<\/p><p>Unfortunately, some authors refuse to recognize neurogenic TOS unless EMG demonstrates a positive result. In the opinion of many TOS specialists, EMG only shows late-stage neurogenic TOS. At this point late in the progression of the disease, treatment success rates are expected to be low. As in other entrapment neuropathies besides neurogenic TOS, doctors want to diagnose and treat early for better success rates.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6510582 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"6510582\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Clinical Diagnosis of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-9342\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-9342\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Imaging Tests for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-9342\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6a539f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f6a539f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb64b58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cb64b58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Once your doctor arrives at the diagnosis of TOS, he or she may order\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/diagnosis-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/imaging-diagnosis-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/\">imaging tests<\/a>. Doctors use appropriate imaging tests for many disorders, and the appropriate imaging test for TOS can be particularly illuminating. Each of these tests has strengths and weaknesses.<\/p><p>The first medical x-ray was performed in 1895 X-rays were instrumental in demonstrating a cervical rib in some patients with neurogenic TOS or arterial TOS. They are still performed as a screening test today by some TOS specialists. However, x-rays are limited to two dimensions, they do not show important soft tissues, and we know that many TOS patients have completely normal x-rays. In addition, x-rays require a small to moderate amount of ionizing radiation.<\/p><p>Ultrasound uses very high frequency sound waves to create real-time images. Because the sonographer sees the structures of interest in real-time, motion and assessment of blood flow are easily performed. In patients with arterial TOS or venous TOS, ultrasound accurately shows blood flow in multiple arm positions with the patient lying down or sitting up. Ultrasound can also document a blood clot, and follow the progress of treatment to remove the clot. Unfortunately, in patients with neurogenic TOS, ultrasound shows limited utility. It can show the scalene muscles and brachial plexus to a limited extent. However, ultrasound is blind to the space between the collarbone and rib, a frequent point of compression of the brachial plexus. Ultrasound is extremely useful in guiding diagnostic or therapeutic injections in patients with neurogenic TOS. Ultrasound requires no ionizing radiation, and is extremely safe.<\/p><p>Catheter angiography and venography require a needle puncture of a large artery or vein, with subsequent administration of contrast. X-rays are used to follow the movement of contrast through these blood vessels. These tests show blood vessels with high resolution. However, they do not show the extrinsic causes of vessel compression, they are invasive, and they require high doses of ionizing radiation.<\/p><p>CT is widely available, shows bones in high detail, and shows blood vessels in 3 dimensions if contrast is administered. However, CT is middling at best for soft tissue evaluation, and requires a high ionizing radiation dose.<\/p><p>MRI provides the best soft tissue evaluation of any imaging modality in the thoracic outlet. MRA provides high-resolution images of arteries and veins. MRI creates 3 dimensional images in any plane. MRI\/MRA requires no ionizing radiation. MRI does take longer to perform than CT, and requires expert radiologist involvement for optimum quality. MRI is our TOS test of choice. Learn about the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/about-neovista\/\">NeoVista\u00ae MRI\/MRA examination<\/a>.<\/p><div>\u00a0<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2ff55f elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"d2ff55f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Imaging Diagnosis of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-9343\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-9343\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Find a Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Specialist <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-9343\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2577cd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b2577cd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f90e113 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f90e113\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Patients with TOS recover more quickly when they are diagnosed and treated early in the course of the disease. Unfortunately, due to low awareness of TOS, doctors in many communities fail to recognize the disease. Therefore, the responsibility of achieving the diagnosis falls heavily on many patients.<\/p><p>Unlike many other diseases, no single primary medical specialty trains its practitioners to recognize and treat TOS. Many doctors receive no training at all regarding TOS. Expertise in TOS is scattered around the country amongst many different medical specialists.<\/p><p>For these reasons, we understand the importance of finding a TOS specialist as quickly and easily as possible. Once you understand what skills\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/diagnosis-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/find-a-thoracic-outlet-syndrome-specialist\/\">different specialists<\/a>\u00a0possess, you can then search for an experienced TOS specialist from our curated list. If your doctor tells you that you can\u2019t have TOS because TOS isn\u2019t real, or doesn\u2019t know much about TOS, find a doctor who is a TOS specialist!<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73404d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"73404d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Find a Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Specialist<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f24ddbc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f24ddbc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4bd088 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c4bd088\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Mature-Smiling-Male-Doctor-Cropped.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-19711\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-269ac1e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"269ac1e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae97c7f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ae97c7f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daa6dac elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"daa6dac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"570\" height=\"771\" src=\"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Female-Doctor-Scrubs-Clipboard-Blue-Treatment-Panel-Cropped-Mobile.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-19746\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f45d1de e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f45d1de\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2b655a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d2b655a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Treatment\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8005593 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8005593\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>TOS\u00a0can be successfully treated, especially if it is diagnosed quickly and accurately.<\/p><p>In general, doctors treat patients with arterial and venous TOS urgently, using surgical treatments.<\/p><p>On the other hand, doctors frequently treat patients with neurogenic TOS with conservative methods, before considering surgery.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d7ee01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"9d7ee01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1650\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1650\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Treatment <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1650\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-445cf5a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"445cf5a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-adf5440 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"adf5440\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Treatment of neurogenic TOS remains quite challenging. It is important to understand that no single treatment modality has been proven superior in all patients. Also understand that there are a large number of underlying mechanisms that cause neurogenic TOS.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Doctors make the primary treatment choice in patients with neurogenic TOS by pursuing either conservative or surgical treatment.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/treatment-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/treatment-of-neurogenic-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/#conservative-treatment\">Conservative treatment<\/a>\u00a0of neurogenic TOS may include physical therapy, pain medications, selective muscle injections, and chiropractic. Often, TOS specialists will pursue conservative treatment for 6 to 12 months before considering surgery. Many patients do well with a multi-modality plan incorporating several of these components.<\/p><p>Once the choice is made to undertake\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/treatment-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/treatment-of-neurogenic-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/#surgical-treatment\">surgical treatment<\/a>\u00a0of TOS, patients have several options. Surgeons who are TOS specialists often focus on one of many available surgical techniques. Each technique creates its own advantages and disadvantages, and most TOS surgeons prefer one technique over all others. It is important for each TOS patient to understand these techniques, and to work with their surgeon to make the best choice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4914cd3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"4914cd3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Treatment<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1651\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1651\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Venous Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Treatment <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1651\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c475e08 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c475e08\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-043196e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"043196e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Venous TOS is rare, accounting for 5% or less of all cases of TOS. Patients with venous TOS have a dramatic presentation, often showing up at an emergency room with a swollen, blue arm. In most cases, ultrasound demonstrates the blood clot in the subclavian vein, confirming the diagnosis.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>At this point, doctors begin\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/treatment-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/treatment-of-venous-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/\">treatment of venous thoracic outlet syndrome<\/a>\u00a0in two phases. The first phase begins immediately, with the goal of promptly resolving the blood clot. Following successful clot resolution, the second goal is definitive and permanent treatment to prevent recurrent clots. This second phase usually involves surgery, with resection of the first rib to prevent compression of the subclavian vein. In addition, if the wall of the subclavian vein has been damaged by compression, the damaged segment is repaired.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a87ec52 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"a87ec52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Venous Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Treatment<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1652\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1652\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Arterial Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Treatment <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1652\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5870c89 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5870c89\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c7bcd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6c7bcd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Acute arterial occlusion may cause irreversible loss of function or actual gangrene of the affected area. Fortunately,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/what-is-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/types-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/arterial-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/\">arterial TOS<\/a>\u00a0is the rarest form of TOS, making up 1% or less of all TOS cases. Patients with arterial TOS may present to an emergency room with a true surgical emergency. If the blood flow to the arm is not promptly restored, the patient may lose all or part of the arm.<\/p><p>Similar to treatment of venousTOS,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/treatment-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/treatment-of-arterial-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/#arterial-insufficiency\">acute arterial thoracic outlet syndrome treatment<\/a>\u00a0involves two phases. First the surgeon must urgently restore blood flow to the arm. She can do so via drugs called thrombolytics, which dissolve blood clot, or by surgical removal of the clot. Once blood flow to the arm is restored, the surgeon can perform definitive treatment. In patients with arterial TOS, this entails specifically removing a first rib or cervical rib, to prevent future compression. During the same procedure, the surgeon will repair the damaged segment of the artery.<\/p><p>Patients with arterial TOS may also present with\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/treatment-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/treatment-of-arterial-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/#symptomatic-arterial-compression\">chronic arterial insufficiency<\/a>. These patients usually suffer from limited blood flow to the arm, with complete loss of blood flow. Symptoms include very early fatigue and limited strength, due to the inability to increase blood flow on exercise. In these cases, the surgeon will remove the first rib or cervical rib, and will repair the damaged artery, but without the same urgency as in acute arterial occlusion.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3587b63 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"3587b63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Arterial Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Treatment<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3f1ba7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c3f1ba7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c70bcdb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c70bcdb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19c786d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"19c786d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/TOS-Education-Logo-Circle.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-21530\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5289ed e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a5289ed\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd7c5c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fd7c5c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Treatment\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fcfcd34 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fcfcd34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-17\"><p>The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.toseducation.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">toseducation.org<\/a>\u00a0website is dedicated to TOS education for patients and doctors. Check out the latest video featuring TOS experts, and sign up for upcoming TOS education videos.<\/p><\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-787325b elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"787325b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.toseducation.org\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Visit TOS Education.org<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>NeoVista\u00ae MRI for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome The NeoVista\u00ae MRI is the premiere imaging\u00a0thoracic outlet syndrome test. At Vanguard Specialty Imaging, we can help you find a thoracic outlet syndrome specialist, get the best diagnosis for thoracic outlet syndrome, and learn options for thoracic outlet syndrome treatment. NeoVista\u00ae MRI for TOS https:\/\/youtu.be\/3UHRbHi-kcA?si=Tv9JXT5mUP-8wj0X What our Patients Say [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-19475","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/19475","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19475"}],"version-history":[{"count":48,"href":"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/19475\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22263,"href":"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/19475\/revisions\/22263"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19475"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}