{"id":20541,"date":"2026-04-09T10:25:46","date_gmt":"2026-04-09T10:25:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/?page_id=20541"},"modified":"2026-04-14T07:20:38","modified_gmt":"2026-04-14T07:20:38","slug":"causes-of-tos","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/causes-of-tos\/","title":{"rendered":"Causes of TOS"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"20541\" class=\"elementor elementor-20541\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fca6df7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fca6df7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52ba041 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"52ba041\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Causes of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a4ded6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1a4ded6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"top\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90dcdcd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"90dcdcd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d601c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8d601c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-3 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-paragraph\">\n\n<p class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left title-heading-tag fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\">\nTable of Contents\n<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"awb-toc-el awb-toc-el--1\" data-awb-toc-id=\"1\">\n\n<div class=\"awb-toc-el__content\">\n\n<ul class=\"awb-toc-el__list awb-toc-el__list--0\">\n\n<li class=\"awb-toc-el__list-item\">\n<a href=\"#toc_Multiple_Causes_of_Thoracic_Outlet_Syndrome\">\nMultiple Causes of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome\n<\/a>\n<\/li>\n\n<li class=\"awb-toc-el__list-item\">\n\n<a href=\"#toc_Introduction_to_the_Causes_of_Thoracic_Outlet_Syndrome\">\nIntroduction to the Causes of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome\n<\/a>\n\n<ul class=\"awb-toc-el__list awb-toc-el__list--1\">\n\n<li class=\"awb-toc-el__list-item\">\n<a href=\"#toc_Causes_of_Neurogenic_Thoracic_Outlet_Syndrome\">\nCauses of Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome\n<\/a>\n<\/li>\n\n<li class=\"awb-toc-el__list-item\">\n<a href=\"#toc_Causes_of_Venous_Thoracic_Outlet_Syndrome\">\nCauses of Venous Thoracic Outlet Syndrome\n<\/a>\n<\/li>\n\n<li class=\"awb-toc-el__list-item\">\n<a href=\"#toc_Causes_of_Arterial_Thoracic_Outlet_Syndrome\">\nCauses of Arterial Thoracic Outlet Syndrome\n<\/a>\n<\/li>\n\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/li>\n\n<li class=\"awb-toc-el__list-item\">\n<a href=\"#toc_Can_Multiple_Types_of_TOS_Occur_in_the\">\nCan Multiple Types of TOS Occur in the Same Patient?\n<\/a>\n<\/li>\n\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75d7635 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"75d7635\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea56328 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ea56328\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa7a54a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aa7a54a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6149d4b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6149d4b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"toc_Multiple_Causes_of_Thoracic_Outlet_Syndrome\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Multiple Causes of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c394a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3c394a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-paragraph\"><div class=\"fusion-text\"><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\"><p>While there are many causes of thoracic outlet syndrome, thoracic outlet syndrome specialists in the past have\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ninds.nih.gov\/health-information\/disorders\/thoracic-outlet-syndrome\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">broadly classified TOS<\/a>\u00a0into one of three types. Each of these three types of thoracic outlet syndrome becomes defined by the primary structure that suffers from compression. We find it easier to learn about the causes of thoracic outlet syndrome by starting with this simplified model.<\/p><p>To clarify, three vital structures pass through the thoracic outlet on each side:<\/p><ul><li>Brachial plexus<\/li><li>Subclavian Vein<\/li><li>Subclavian Artery<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d75b573 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d75b573\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Kryski-Costoclavicular-Interval-Labeled-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-20553\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-390497a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"390497a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the classical model of thoracic outlet syndrome, compression or injury of one of these vital structures may occur, resulting in symptoms of one\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/what-is-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/types-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/\">type of thoracic outlet syndrome<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b9ea60 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6b9ea60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6883bec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6883bec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"toc_Introduction_to_the_Causes_of_Thoracic_Outlet_Syndrome\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introduction to the Causes of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa8e040 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fa8e040\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As an introduction the classical model of\u00a0<a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" title=\"thoracic outlet syndrome\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/what-is-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"41\">thoracic outlet syndrome<\/a>, we find it helpful to review the basic causes of thoracic outlet syndrome for each type of thoracic outlet syndrome. Click through each section below to the next page once you are comfortable with the basics.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-afbb182 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"afbb182\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4ea449 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d4ea449\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"toc_Causes_of_Neurogenic_Thoracic_Outlet_Syndrome\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Causes of Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d15eef6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d15eef6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Five nerve roots arise from the spinal cord on each side of the neck. Then, these nerve roots travel out of the spine to the thoracic outlet on each side. In each thoracic outlet, the roots form a complex branching network, called the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/what-is-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/anatomy-of-the-thoracic-outlet\/\"><i>brachial plexus<\/i><\/a>. Compression of the brachial plexus or tension on the brachial plexus results in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/diagnosis-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/symptoms-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/symptoms-of-neurogenic-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/\">symptoms of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome<\/a>. Given the complexity of the structure of the brachial plexus, patients can suffer a broad range of symptoms.<\/p><p>Thus, doctors typically see a complex clinical presentation, since compression may involve different parts of the brachial plexus. Symptoms include pain, numbness, tingling, coldness and weakness of the affected upper extremity.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61b5145 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"61b5145\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Causes of Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c83826 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"4c83826\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c35454a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c35454a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"toc_Causes_of_Venous_Thoracic_Outlet_Syndrome\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Causes of Venous Thoracic Outlet Syndrome\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7bdc01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a7bdc01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\nA single, large subclavian vein drains almost all of the blood from each arm. Compression of this vein can cause impaired venous drainage of the arm. When compression is severe or prolonged, it can cause damage to the inner vein wall. As a result, blood clot can form within the vein. Signs and symptoms include swelling, heaviness and cyanosis (abnormal blue color) of the affected arm. Blood clots can break off and travel to the lungs or, rarely, to the brain, resulting in a stroke.\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2f823f elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"f2f823f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Causes of Venous Thoracic Outlet Syndrome<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e5cf7a elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1e5cf7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60f61da elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"60f61da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"toc_Causes_of_Arterial_Thoracic_Outlet_Syndrome\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Causes of Arterial Thoracic Outlet Syndrome\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b6f6ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8b6f6ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A single, large\u00a0subclavian artery provides most of the blood flow to each arm. Compression of this artery causes damage to the arterial wall. Damage to the inner wall can cause scar tissue and\u00a0<i>stenosis<\/i>\u00a0(narrowing of the artery). In contrast, damage to the full thickness of the wall can result in an\u00a0<i>aneurysm<\/i>\u00a0(focal ballooning of the artery). As a result of this aneurysm, a doctor may feel a pulsatile mass in the thoracic outlet. When arterial damage occurs, blood clots may form. These clots can break off and travel to distal arteries.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>As a result, blood flow stops, and gangrene of the affected area may develop.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27c5af6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"27c5af6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Causes of Arterial Thoracic Outlet Syndrome<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c769144 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c769144\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5e2374 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a5e2374\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3cdc49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e3cdc49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Do you have questions about thoracic outlet syndrome?\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1465b3d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1465b3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">We can help!\n\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ef0701 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"3ef0701\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/contact-us-2\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Contact us<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b5e9fc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8b5e9fc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31fcca1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"31fcca1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24a3530 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"24a3530\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"toc_Can_Multiple_Types_of_TOS_Occur_in_the\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Can Multiple Types of TOS Occur in the Same Patient?\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-766d56e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"766d56e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-paragraph\"><div class=\"fusion-text\"><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\"><p>Yes, one patient can have multiple types of TOS at the same time.\u00a0As shown above, the artery, vein, and brachial plexus pass through each thoracic outlet together. Furthermore, the mechanism of compression is similar for all types of TOS. Thus, a patient can have compression of 1, 2, or all 3 of these vital structures. In fact, many patients with\u00a0neurogenic TOS have significant compression of the\u00a0subclavian vein, but without a blood clot. Since this compression impairs venous drainage of the arm, swelling or edema of the arm can result. As a result, compression of the brachial plexus is magnified. In that case, treatment to relieve the venous compression helps relieve compression on the brachial plexus.<\/p><p>It is often\u00a0difficult for a physician to distinguish these multiple compression effects.\u00a0Therefore, modern\u00a0<a title=\"Thoracic Outlet Syndrome MRI: Diagnosis and Treatment Options\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/thoracic-outlet-syndrome-mri-diagnosis-and-treatment-options\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"211\">imaging<\/a>\u00a0quite often provides this important additional information prior to treatment.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad9a18b elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"ad9a18b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2a4b0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"d2a4b0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#top\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Back to Top<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b006f1f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b006f1f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-595f851 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"595f851\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8854c16 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8854c16\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ad14e4 elementor-view-framed elementor-shape-circle elementor-position-block-start elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"0ad14e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-info\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M20 424.229h20V279.771H20c-11.046 0-20-8.954-20-20V212c0-11.046 8.954-20 20-20h112c11.046 0 20 8.954 20 20v212.229h20c11.046 0 20 8.954 20 20V492c0 11.046-8.954 20-20 20H20c-11.046 0-20-8.954-20-20v-47.771c0-11.046 8.954-20 20-20zM96 0C56.235 0 24 32.235 24 72s32.235 72 72 72 72-32.235 72-72S135.764 0 96 0z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDiagnosis of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tDo you have pain, numbness, tingling or weakness? Click to learn more about the diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aaec01d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aaec01d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce362f4 elementor-view-framed elementor-shape-circle elementor-position-block-start elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"ce362f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-stethoscope\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M447.1 112c-34.2.5-62.3 28.4-63 62.6-.5 24.3 12.5 45.6 32 56.8V344c0 57.3-50.2 104-112 104-60 0-109.2-44.1-111.9-99.2C265 333.8 320 269.2 320 192V36.6c0-11.4-8.1-21.3-19.3-23.5L237.8.5c-13-2.6-25.6 5.8-28.2 18.8L206.4 35c-2.6 13 5.8 25.6 18.8 28.2l30.7 6.1v121.4c0 52.9-42.2 96.7-95.1 97.2-53.4.5-96.9-42.7-96.9-96V69.4l30.7-6.1c13-2.6 21.4-15.2 18.8-28.2l-3.1-15.7C107.7 6.4 95.1-2 82.1.6L19.3 13C8.1 15.3 0 25.1 0 36.6V192c0 77.3 55.1 142 128.1 156.8C130.7 439.2 208.6 512 304 512c97 0 176-75.4 176-168V231.4c19.1-11.1 32-31.7 32-55.4 0-35.7-29.2-64.5-64.9-64zm.9 80c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16s7.2-16 16-16 16 7.2 16 16-7.2 16-16 16z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNeoVista\u00ae MRI for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLearn how the NeoVista\u00ae MRI for TOS provides diagnostic information that is not available elsewhere.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e69a8b8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e69a8b8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4326a44 elementor-view-framed elementor-shape-circle elementor-position-block-start elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"4326a44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-flask\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M437.2 403.5L320 215V64h8c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24V24c0-13.3-10.7-24-24-24H120c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24v16c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h8v151L10.8 403.5C-18.5 450.6 15.3 512 70.9 512h306.2c55.7 0 89.4-61.5 60.1-108.5zM137.9 320l48.2-77.6c3.7-5.2 5.8-11.6 5.8-18.4V64h64v160c0 6.9 2.2 13.2 5.8 18.4l48.2 77.6h-172z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTreatment of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBest treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome requires a dedicated team of thoracic outlet syndrome specialists.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Causes of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Table of Contents Multiple Causes of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Introduction to the Causes of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Causes of Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Causes of Venous Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Causes of Arterial Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Can Multiple Types of TOS Occur in the Same Patient? Multiple Causes of Thoracic Outlet [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-20541","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20541","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20541"}],"version-history":[{"count":33,"href":"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20541\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21922,"href":"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20541\/revisions\/21922"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20541"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}