{"id":20575,"date":"2026-04-09T11:05:50","date_gmt":"2026-04-09T11:05:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/?page_id=20575"},"modified":"2026-04-14T07:30:14","modified_gmt":"2026-04-14T07:30:14","slug":"causes-of-neurogenic-tos","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/causes-of-neurogenic-tos\/","title":{"rendered":"Causes of Neurogenic TOS"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"20575\" class=\"elementor elementor-20575\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-820c290 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"820c290\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0830eb2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0830eb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Causes of Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32fd264 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32fd264\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aab73bd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aab73bd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7ef79c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d7ef79c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-2 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-paragraph\">\n\n<p class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left title-heading-tag fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\">\nTable of Contents\n<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"awb-toc-el awb-toc-el--1\">\n\n<div class=\"awb-toc-el__content\">\n\n<ul class=\"awb-toc-el__list awb-toc-el__list--0\">\n\n<li class=\"awb-toc-el__list-item\">\n<a href=\"#toc_What_are_the_causes_of_neurogenic_thoracic_outlet\">\nWhat are the causes of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome?\n<\/a>\n<\/li>\n\n<li class=\"awb-toc-el__list-item\">\n<a href=\"#toc_Compression_of_the_brachial_plexus_causes_neurogenic_thoracic\">\nCompression of the brachial plexus causes neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome\n<\/a>\n<\/li>\n\n<li class=\"awb-toc-el__list-item\">\n<a href=\"#toc_Multiple_mechanisms_cause_compression_of_the_brachial_plexus\">\nMultiple mechanisms cause compression of the brachial plexus\n<\/a>\n<\/li>\n\n<li class=\"awb-toc-el__list-item\">\n\n<a href=\"#toc_There_are_two_underlying_mechanisms_of_brachial_plexus\">\nThere are two underlying mechanisms of brachial plexus compression\n<\/a>\n\n<ul class=\"awb-toc-el__list awb-toc-el__list--1\">\n\n<li>\n<a href=\"#toc_Static_Mechanisms\">Static Mechanisms<\/a>\n<\/li>\n\n<li>\n<a href=\"#toc_Dynamic_Mechanisms\">Dynamic Mechanisms<\/a>\n<\/li>\n\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/li>\n\n<li class=\"awb-toc-el__list-item\">\n\n<a href=\"#toc_Physical_examination_cannot_demonstrate_the_underlying_causes_of\">\nPhysical examination cannot demonstrate the underlying causes of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome\n<\/a>\n\n<ul class=\"awb-toc-el__list awb-toc-el__list--1\">\n\n<li>\n<a href=\"#toc_Symptoms_of_Neurogenic_Thoracic_Outlet_Syndrome\">\nSymptoms of Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome\n<\/a>\n<\/li>\n\n<li>\n<a href=\"#toc_Diagnosis_of_Neurogenic_Thoracic_Outlet_Syndrome\">\nDiagnosis of Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome\n<\/a>\n<\/li>\n\n<li>\n<a href=\"#toc_Treatment_of_Neurogenic_Thoracic_Outlet_Syndrome\">\nTreatment of Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome\n<\/a>\n<\/li>\n\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/li>\n\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div> \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0395d99 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0395d99\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68f7d0b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"68f7d0b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fa7f8a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5fa7f8a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70a6e08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"70a6e08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"toc_What_are_the_causes_of_neurogenic_thoracic_outlet\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What are the causes of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome?\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2bcb610 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2bcb610\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-paragraph\"><div class=\"fusion-text\"><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\"><p>The anatomy and causes of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome are multiple and complex. Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome\u00a0is by far the most common\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/what-is-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/types-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/neurogenic-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/\">type of TOS<\/a>.\u00a0In general, patients experience a broad range of non-specific signs and symptoms. At the same time, doctors are often not aware of the diagnosis, or inexperienced in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/diagnosis-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/clinical-diagnosis-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/clinical-diagnosis-of-neurogenic-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/\">diagnosing patients with neurogenic TOS<\/a>. Additionally, doctors cannot directly demonstrate the causes of neurogenic TOS in any one patient. Nonetheless, early\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/diagnosis-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/clinical-diagnosis-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/\">clinical diagnosis of neurogenic TOS<\/a>\u00a0makes a critical difference in treatment outcomes. It is important to emphasize that\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/diagnosis-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/imaging-diagnosis-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/imaging-diagnosis-of-neurogenic-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/\">modern imaging plays a most important role<\/a>\u00a0in each patient to prove the causes of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5e2123 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d5e2123\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Bilateral-Brachial-Plexus-Blue-Background-Female-Cropped.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-20584\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbcb01c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dbcb01c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"toc_Compression_of_the_brachial_plexus_causes_neurogenic_thoracic\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Compression of the brachial plexus causes neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-afd3d0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"afd3d0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-paragraph\"><div class=\"fusion-text\"><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\"><p>All of the causes of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome have a common end-point: compression or tension of the brachial plexus. Put another way, neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome\u00a0occurs when\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/what-is-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/anatomy-of-the-thoracic-outlet\/\">anatomic structures in the thoracic outlet<\/a>\u00a0compress the\u00a0<i>brachial plexus<\/i>. In detail, the brachial plexus begins as a large network of nerves arising from the spinal cord in the neck. After the brachial plexus branches and unites multiple times, it forms five terminal nerves. Finally, these nerves provide motor, sensory, and\u00a0<i>autonomic<\/i>\u00a0functions for each arm.<\/p><p>In general, compression or tension of the brachial plexus causes\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/diagnosis-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/symptoms-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/symptoms-of-neurogenic-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/\">symptoms of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome<\/a>. In detail, anatomic variants may narrow the normal tunnels of the thoracic outlet. These narrow tunnels may compress the brachial plexus. In addition, movement of the arms may cause compression or tension of the brachial plexus. Given these points, causes of neurogenic TOS may be static or dynamic. Firstly, static or fixed anatomic abnormalities narrow the spaces through which the brachial plexus must pass to reach the arm. Second, dynamic changes occur with arm motion, Which may result in brachial plexus compression or tension. As a result of either process, compression or tension on the brachial plexus may cause neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome.<\/p><p>Neurogenic TOS is one form of a broader process physicians know as an\u00a0<i>entrapment neuropathy<\/i>. Physicians are quite familiar with entrapment neuropathies occurring elsewhere in the body. Entrapment neuropathy occurs when muscles, bones, or soft tissues compress or stretch a nerve, resulting in neurogenic symptoms. Entrapment neuropathy occurs throughout the body. When a doctor diagnoses an entrapment neuropathy, she often orders an\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/about-neovista\/what-is-neovista\/\">MRI<\/a>\u00a0to visualize the structures compressing the nerve.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-460becc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"460becc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"toc_Multiple_mechanisms_cause_compression_of_the_brachial_plexus\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Multiple mechanisms cause compression of the brachial plexus\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b690dd1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b690dd1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-paragraph\"><div class=\"fusion-text\"><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\"><p>It is important to realize that multiple mechanisms may cause compression or tension of the brachial plexus. In general, we find it helpful to divide these mechanisms into static and dynamic categories. To clarify our system, we have created a schematic, which you can review below. Specifically, static mechanisms consist of fixed, space-occupying lesions that narrow the tunnels through which the brachial plexus normally travels. In contrast, dynamic mechanisms are those where the tunnels are normal at baseline, but narrow on arm motion. Further, we can divide static mechanisms into developmental and acquired groups. In detail, developmental static elements include anatomic anomalies or variants that are present at birth. Conversely, acquired static elements appear during life. For example,\u00a0a clavicle fracture represents an acquired static element. Another key point is that both static and dynamic mechanisms may contribute to nerve compression or tension in a patient.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19960d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"19960d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/09.04.2026_16.10.38_REC.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"09.04.2026_16.10.38_REC\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjA1ODYsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9obHNsbGMub3JnXC90b3NcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzA0XC8wOS4wNC4yMDI2XzE2LjEwLjM4X1JFQy5wbmcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"460\" src=\"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/09.04.2026_16.10.38_REC.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-20586\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb2e48b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bb2e48b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introduction to the Causes of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e894428 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e894428\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As an introduction the classical model of\u00a0<a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" title=\"thoracic outlet syndrome\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/what-is-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"41\">thoracic outlet syndrome<\/a>, we find it helpful to review the basic causes of thoracic outlet syndrome for each type of thoracic outlet syndrome. Click through each section below to the next page once you are comfortable with the basics.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0700baa elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0700baa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac2fcf0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ac2fcf0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"toc_There_are_two_underlying_mechanisms_of_brachial_plexus\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">There are two underlying mechanisms of brachial plexus compression\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0f6d0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c0f6d0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"toc_Static_Mechanisms\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Static Mechanisms\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e06ca8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6e06ca8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><p>Since the early 1900s,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/diagnosis-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/find-a-thoracic-outlet-syndrome-specialist\/\">TOS specialists<\/a>\u00a0have recognized a large number of anatomic variants in the thoracic outlet. We can divide these into soft tissue variants and bone variants. In general, soft tissue anomalies are common. These include muscle anomalies such as the scalene minimus. Likewise, patients often have fibrous bands. Specifically, fibrous bands arise from the lung apex, C7 transverse process, or cervical rib, and extend to the first rib. On the other hand, bony anomalies are less common.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Duplicated ribs, bifid ribs, and bony tubercles are quite uncommon. Conversely,<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>elongated C7 transverse processes and cervical ribs are fairly common. Overall, these two are present in about 1% of people. The relationship between cervical ribs and thoracic outlet syndrome is tenuous, at best. Many people have cervical ribs, most of whom do not have thoracic outlet syndrome.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-8 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\">\u00a0<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5915f57 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5915f57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"toc_Dynamic_Mechanisms\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dynamic Mechanisms\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b18cd53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b18cd53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><p>Compression or tension on the brachial plexus can occur even with normal baseline thoracic outlet anatomy. So long as the thoracic outlet tunnels are normal, the brachial plexus should pass to the arm without difficulty. However, in some patients with normal tunnels at rest, arm motion causes compression or tension on the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/what-is-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/anatomy-of-the-thoracic-outlet\/\">brachial plexus<\/a>. In detail, the first rib serves as the \u2018floor\u2019 of one tunnel, the\u00a0<i>costoclavicular interval<\/i>. This is the space between the collarbone (<i>clavicle<\/i>) and the first rib. The brachial plexus passes between these two bones. While the first rib moves little with arm motion, the clavicle moves quite a bit downwards towards the first rib. If the arm moves to certain positions, the clavicle and first rib can compress the brachial plexus. Moreover, this compression can occur even if the tunnels are normal at rest.<\/p><p>Bones can contribute to compression or tension on the brachial plexus in other parts of the thoracic outlet. For example, many people have cervical ribs, but few of these have thoracic outlet syndrome. While the cervical rib occupies space in the scalene triangle, brachial plexus compression occurs only in certain arm positions. This compression takes place between the cervical rib and the\u00a0<i>anterior scalene muscle<\/i>. In this case, compression occurs between a soft tissue structure and a bony structure. In the same way, the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/what-is-thoracic-outlet-syndrome\/anatomy-of-the-thoracic-outlet\/\"><i>retropectoralis space<\/i><\/a>\u00a0is located between two muscles and a bony structure, the\u00a0<i>coracoid process<\/i>. Ordinarily, this space is wide enough for the brachial plexus to pass through unimpeded. However, in TOS patients, arm motion can move the brachial plexus against the coracoid process, creating tension on the plexus. As a result, neurogenic TOS can develop.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-799dbfb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"799dbfb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"toc_Physical_examination_cannot_demonstrate_the_underlying_causes_of\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Physical examination cannot demonstrate the underlying causes of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b106fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7b106fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>One point often overlooked is that doctors cannot directly see the causes of neurogenic TOS on physical examination. In general, a doctor can see the symptoms that result from brachial plexus compression or tension. However, the underlying causes of neurogenic TOS\u00a0are not discernible on physical examination. As a result,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tosmri.com\/about-neovista\/\">modern imaging studies<\/a>\u00a0serve an essential purpose to clearly demonstrate these causes of\u00a0neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd930ce e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cd930ce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51ef622 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"51ef622\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4649002 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon elementor-view-default elementor-widget-divider--element-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"4649002\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2527fb7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2527fb7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-863152c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"863152c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2479f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c2479f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"oc_Symptoms_of_Neurogenic_Thoracic_Outlet_Syndrome\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Symptoms of Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ad473 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96ad473\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-paragraph\"><div class=\"fusion-text\"><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-7\"><p>Compression or tension on the brachial plexus causes a complex pattern of nerve entrapment symptoms. Symptoms may include pain, tingling, loss of sensation, temperature changes or changes in blood flow. If the entrapment is severe or chronic, weakness or muscle atrophy may develop.\u00a0Click through to learn more about the symptoms of\u00a0neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e193e24 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"e193e24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/diagnosis-of-neurogenic-thoracic-outlet-syndrome-3\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Symptoms of Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cfc4dc8 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"cfc4dc8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"toc_Diagnosis_of_Neurogenic_Thoracic_Outlet_Syndrome\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c24a7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5c24a7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Diagnosis of Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-914e440 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"914e440\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-8\"><p>Doctors typically find no focal abnormality on a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK557589\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">standard neurologic examination<\/a>. However, TOS specialists know how to perform a specialized examination for neurogenic TOS. Even so, the examination is often non-specific. Doctors are turning more frequently to modern imaging to confirm their clinical diagnosis of neurogenic TOS. Click through to learn more about the diagnosis of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89e1e34 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"89e1e34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/diagnosis-of-neurogenic-thoracic-outlet-syndrome-3\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Diagnosis of Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98bcb7b elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"98bcb7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74392dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"74392dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"toc_Treatment_of_Neurogenic_Thoracic_Outlet_Syndrome\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Treatment of Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6348ff3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6348ff3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-9\"><p>Treatment of neurogenic TOS requires less urgency than treatment of venous or arterial TOS. Nonetheless, early diagnosis and treatment improves the chance of a good outcome. Doctors usually make their first treatment decision by selecting conservative or surgical treatment pathways. Click through to learn more about the treatment of\u00a0neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9713113 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"9713113\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/treatment-of-tos\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\"> Treatment of Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Causes of Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Table of Contents What are the causes of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome? Compression of the brachial plexus causes neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome Multiple mechanisms cause compression of the brachial plexus There are two underlying mechanisms of brachial plexus compression Static Mechanisms Dynamic Mechanisms Physical examination cannot demonstrate the underlying [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-20575","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20575","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20575"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20575\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21940,"href":"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20575\/revisions\/21940"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hlsllc.org\/tos\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20575"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}